STRUCTURE RELATED TO LATERAL WALL OF CAVERNOUS SINUS
1) OCULOMOTOR NERVE:
• Gives superior and inferior divisions in anterior part of sinus.
• Leave sinus by passing through superior orbital fissure.
2) TROCHLEAR NERVE:
• Crosses superficial to oculomotor nerve in the anterior part of sinus.
• Enters the orbit through superior orbital fissure.
3) OPHTHALMIC NERVE:
• In the anterior part, divides into:
1. Lacrimal nerve
2. Frontal nerve
3. Nasociliary nerve
4) MAXILLARY NERVE:
• Passes through foramen rotundum
• Leaves sinus
• Reaches pterygopalatine fossa
5) TRIGEMINAL GANGLION:
• Ganglion and its Dural cave may project into the posterior part of
lateral wall of sinus
MENTION THE BRANCHES OF OPHTHALMIC NERVE
• Lacrimal
• Frontal
• Nasociliary
▪ Sensory root to ciliary ganglion
▪ Long ciliary nerves
▪ Posterior ethmoidal nerve
▪ Anterior ethmoidal nerve
▪ Infratrochlear nerve
NAME THE BRANCHES OF FACIAL ARTERY IN FACE
A. FROM CERVICAL PART
1. Ascending palatine artery
2. Tonsillar artery
3. Glandular branches
4. Submental artery
B. FROM FACIAL PART
1. Inferior labial artery
2. Superior labial artery
3. Lateral nasal artery
4. Muscular branches
TONSILLAR BED
• Formed by:
1. Pharyngobasilar fascia
2. Superior constrictor muscle
3. Buccopharyngeal fascia
FORMATION AND TERMINATION OF EJV
• Begins just below angle of mandible by union of posterior division of
retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein.
• Runs across Sternocleidomastoid under cover of platysma.
• Pierce deep cervical fascia in anteroinferior angle of posterior triangle
about 2.5 cm above clavicle along posterior border of
sternocleidomastoid.
• Enters supraclavicular space.
• Terminates in subclavian vein after passing through space.
NERVE SUPPLY OF PINNA:
• LATERAL SURFACE OF AURICLE:
1. Upper 2/3rd is supplied by auriculotemporal branch of Vth cranial
nerve.
2. Lower 1/33rd is supplied by Great auricular nerve.
• MEDIAL SURFACE OF AURICLE:
1. Upper 2/3rd is supplied by Lesser occipital nerve.
2. Lower 1/3rd is supplied by Great auricular branch of vagus nerve.
• ROOT OF AURICLE is supplied by Auricular branch of vagus.
• AURICULAR MUSCLES are supplied by Facial nerve
SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE:
• It is an elongated triangular fissure in front and lateral to foramen
rotundum.
• Structures passing through superior orbital fissure:
IN PART PRESENT WITHIN COMMON TENDINOUS RING:
1. Superior and inferior division of oculomotor nerve
2. Nasociliary nerve
3. Abducent nerve
4. Sympathetic root of ciliary ganglion.
STRUCTURE PRESENT ABOVE THE COMMON TENDINOUS RING:
1. Trochlear nerve
2. Frontal nerve
3. Lacrimal nerve
4. Lacrimal artery
5. Recurrent meningeal branch of lacrimal artery
STRUCTURES PRESENT BLW THE COMMON TENDINOUS RING:
1. Inferior ophthalmic vein.
BRANCHES OF ICA:
MNEMONIC: A VIP’S COMMA
1. A: Anterior choroidal artery (C7)
2. V: Vidian artery (C2)
3. I: Inferolateral trunk (C4)
4. P: Posterior communicating artery (C7)
5. S: Superior hypophyseal artery (C6)
6. C: Caroticotympanic artery (C2)
7. O: Ophthalmic artery (C6)
8. M: Meningohypophyseal trunk (C4)
9. M: Middle cerebral artery (C7)
10.A: Anterior cerebral artery (C7)
DANGEROUS AREA OF FACE:
• Facial veins that are devoid of valves communicates with the
cavernous sinus through emissary veins.
• Infections in the region of upper lip, lower part of nose and adjacent
cheek area are prone to spread in backward direction via the valveless
facial vein to cause thrombus in cavernous sinus.
• So, this area is called the DANGEROUS AREA OF FACE.
TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA:
• A condition in which one or more of the three divisions of trigeminal
nerve is involved causing, paroxysmal episodes of severe pain and
burning sensation for short duration, along the area of distribution of
affected nerve.
• Pain will be removed by:
1. Injecting 90% alcohol in affected nerve division
2. Sectioning the sensory root of affected nerve
3. Or performing medullary tractomy.
INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF LARYNX AND ITS NERVE
SUPPLY
1. Cricothyroid
2. Posterior cricoarytenoid
3. Lateral cricoarytenoid
4. Transverse arytenoid
5. Oblique arytenoid
6. Aryepiglottic
7. Thyroepiglottic
8. Thyroarytenoid
9. Vocalis
• All intrinsic muscles of larynx are supplied by RECURRENT
LARYNGEAL NERVE except Cricothyroid which is supplied by external
laryngeal nerve.
. NAMES OF BONES MEETING AT PTERION:
A. Frontal bone
B. Parietal bone
C. Squamous part of temporal bone
D. Greater wing of sphenoid
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